{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"7382","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Baktrien: Euthydemos II.","inventory_number":"G.60.24","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID7382","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":56,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett des Akademischen Kunstmuseums der Universit\u00e4t Bonn","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8","publisher_isil_short":"DE-5-8","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8\/ID7382","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.iak.uni-bonn.de\/de\/museen\/akademisches-kunstmuseum","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"56","owner_name":"Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-024115","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-024115","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.antikensammlung.uni-bonn.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","owner_type":{"de":"Dauerleihnahme von","en":"Permanent loan from","ikmk_type_id":"6","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/6"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1166","nominal_de":"Tetradrachme","nominal_en":"Tetradrachm","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tetradrachm","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4210424-5","info_de":"Eine antike M\u00fcnze, zumeist aus Silber, im Werte von vier Drachmen.","info_en":"An ancient coin, mostly struck in silver, valued four drachms.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1166"},"date_last":"2026-01-10 19:17:48","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"36","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/36","country_name_de":"Afghanistan","country_name_en":"Afghanistan","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/1149361","ikmk_region_id":"241","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/241","region_name_de":"Baktria","region_name_en":"Bactria","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bactria","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"1075","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1075","mint_name":"Baktra","mint_name_de":"Baktra","mint_name_en":"Bactra","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bactra","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/1147290"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"32 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"16.84 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"Spende D. Bellinger; ex Roma XXV (2022) 552; ex Oxus Collection.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"B\u00fcste von Euthydemos II. mit flatterndem Diadem und dem Mantel \u00fcber der Schulter n.r.; Stempelfehler an der Stirn und am Kinn. Perlkreis","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n7\/7382\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691364120,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID7382.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID7382."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"BA\u03a3I\u039bE\u03a9\u03a3 \/ EY\u0398Y\u0394EMOY","image_description":"Herakles, nackt, frontal stehend, mit einem Bl\u00e4ttekranz auf dem Kopf, einen Kranz in seiner ausgestreckten rechten Hand, Keule und L\u00f6wenfell in sener Linken; Monogramm innen links","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n7\/7382\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID7382\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691364120,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID7382.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID7382."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"O. Bopearrachchi, Monnaies Greco-Bactriennes et Indo-Grecques, Paris 1992, S\u00e9rie 1d; S. Glenn, Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactrai, Group I (O2\/R14); SNG ANS 217-218; O.D. Hoover, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 12, Coins of Bactria and Ancient India, Lancaster, London 2013, 72; S. Glenn, Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria, New York 2020, Catalogue S. 290, 0 5\/R 14 .","comment":"Euthydemos II ist nur von seinen M\u00fcnzen bekannt. Er hat nur wenige Jahre regiert. Der Name verbindet ihn mit Euthydemos I (vgl. G.60.19). Er kann dessen Sohn und damit Nachfolger seines Bruders Demetrios I sein, dessen R\u00fcckseitenbild - triumphierender Herakles - und dessen Monogramm er beibeh\u00e4lt (vgl. G.60.17). Abweichend von seinen \u00fcblichen Darstellungen wirkt sein Kopf jugendlicher, die Wangen voller und die Nase runder, so dass sein Portr\u00e4t dem seines Zeitgenossen oder Nachfolgers Agathokles (G.60.20) weniger \u00e4hnelt.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":"Hellenism","description_de":"Bezeichnet die Epoche und Stilperiode zwischen dem Tod Alexanders des Gro\u00dfen und Schlacht bei Actium (31 v. Chr.) bzw. der Eroberung Alexandrias durch Rom im Jahr darauf, also die Zeit von ungef\u00e4hr 323 bis 30 v. Chr.","description_en":"Term to describe the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the battle of Actium in 31 BC resp. the conquest of Alexandria in the following year, hence the period from c. 323 to 30 BC.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-185","year_end":"-180","date_verbal":"185-180 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","type_references":{"125":"https:\/\/numismatics.org\/bigr\/id\/bigr.euthydemus_ii.1"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5647":{"ikmk_person_id":"5647","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Dieter","last_name_de":"Bellinger","vitalDates":"1939-","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Dieter","last_name_en":"Bellinger","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"596":{"ikmk_person_id":"596","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Euthydemos II. von Baktrien","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Euthydemos II of Bactria","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/euthydemus_ii_bactria":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/euthydemus_ii_bactria","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemos_II.":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemos_II.","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemus_II":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemus_II","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG139518":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG139518","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q878418":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q878418","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/596":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/596"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"596":{"ikmk_person_id":"596","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Euthydemos II. von Baktrien","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Euthydemos II of Bactria","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/euthydemus_ii_bactria":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/euthydemus_ii_bactria","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemos_II.":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemos_II.","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemus_II":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthydemus_II","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG139518":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG139518","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q878418":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q878418","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/596":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/596"}}}},"138":{"ikmk_type_id":"138","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Vorbesitzer)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to prev. Owner)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/138","items":{"8776":{"ikmk_person_id":"8776","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Roma Numismatics (London)","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Roma Numismatics (London)","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317111383":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317111383","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8776":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8776"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword_de":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"26","keyword_de":"Vorderer Orient","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068878-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300019571"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"102","timeline_item":"Baktrien","description":"Gewichtstandard, Nominalsystem,Chronologie\r\n\r\nDie baktrische M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung fasziniert wegen der globalen Begegnung der Kulturen. Diese findet ihren Ausdruck besonders in den unterschiedlichen Gewichts- und Nominalsystemen. Man unterscheidet zwischen der griechisch-baktrischen und der indo-griechischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. \r\n\r\nDas griechisch-baktrische W\u00e4hrungssystem folgte dem attisch-seleukidischen Standard und hatte Legenden in griechischer Schrift. Die M\u00fcnzen liefen im Oxus-Tal und in Sogdiane, also n\u00f6rdlich des Hindukusch um. Es gab als Nominale die Tetradrachme \u00e0 16,80 g, die Drachme, die Hemidrachme und das Obol. Dazu kamen Bronzem\u00fcnzen, die als Chalkous, Dikalchon und Tetrachalkon angesehen werden k\u00f6nnen. H\u00f6hepunkte der griechisch-baktrischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung\u00a0waren der 20-fache-Goldstater des Eukratides (170-145 v. Chr.) und die Doppel-Dekadrachme attischen Standards des Amyntas (95-90 v. Chr.). \r\n\r\nDie indo-griechischen M\u00fcnzen folgten dagegen dem indischen Gewichtsstandard, hatten eine zwei-sprachige Legende (griechisch auf der Vs. und kharoshti oder brahmi auf der Rs.) und liefen im S\u00fcden des Hindukush um. Die Tetradrachme wog 9,80 g, die Drachme 2,45 g und die Hemidrachme 1,22 g. Die Bronzem\u00fcnzen folgten lokalen Gewichtssystemen und hatten einen rechteckigen Schr\u00f6tling. Bronzem\u00fcnzen wurden zuerst unter Agathokles (190-180 v. Chr.) mit Bildern hinduistischer G\u00f6tter in Taxila gepr\u00e4gt. Nur wenig sp\u00e4ter wurden auch zweisprachige, rechteckige Drachmen und schlie\u00dflich ab Eukratides (170-145 v. Chr.) auch zweisprachige Tetradrachmen indischen Gewichts ausgegeben.\r\n\r\nDie antiken literarischen Quellen sind, was\u00a0die M\u00fcnzpgr\u00e4gung in Baktrien\u00a0betrifft, weder zahlreich\u00a0noch ergiebig. Aus den Funden ist zu entnehmen, da\u00df schon in archaischer Zeit\u00a0griechische M\u00fcnzen nach Baktrien kamen.\u00a0 In dem Shaikhan Dehri Hoard 2007 von Pushkalvati, heutiges Pakistan, befand sich eine Tetradrachme von Athen aus der Zeit von 500\/490-485\/0 v. Chr.( Triton XV(2012)1163). In jedem Fall\u00a0bilden die M\u00fcnzen die wichtigsten Zeugnisse aus der\u00a0mit Alexander dem Gro\u00dfen beginnenden, dreihundertj\u00e4hrigen Geschichte\u00a0der\u00a0Griechen in Baktrien. Aus ihnen l\u00e4\u00dft sich der Macht\u00fcbergang von den Seleukiden und die Folge der ersten baktrischen Herrscher -\u00a0 Diodotos I und II, Antiochos (?), Euthydemos - ablesen. Die M\u00fcnzkunst erreichte in der ersten H\u00e4lfte des 2. Jh. eine im Hellenismus unvergleichliche Qualit\u00e4t mit lebensvollen Portr\u00e4ts der Herrscher Euthydemos, Demetrios, Agathokles, Antimachos und Eukratides und - in drei bedeutenden Serien - auch deren Vorg\u00e4nger.\r\n\r\nDie Verdr\u00e4ngung der Griechen durch die von Norden eindringenden Nomaden, die Eroberung gro\u00dfer Teile Indiens unter Menander (150-130 v. Chr.) und schlie\u00dflich die Aufl\u00f6sung des griechisch-baktrischen und griechisch-indischen Reichs spiegeln sich in den M\u00fcnzen wider. Die Auswirkungen der griechischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung auf\u00a0das Kushan-Reich l\u00e4\u00dft sich dem riesigen Fund von Mir Zakh, insbesondere dem hohen Anteil posthumer Pr\u00e4gungen,\u00a0entnehmen: mit rd. 550.000 M\u00fcnzen der gr\u00f6\u00dfte M\u00fcnzfund der Antike.\r\n\r\nLiteratur: M. Mitchiner, Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Coinage, London 1975\/1976; O.Bopearachchi, Monnaies Gr\u00e9co-Bactriennes et Indo-Gr\u00e8cques, Paris 1991;\u00a0O.D. Hoover, The Handbook\u00a0of Greek Coinage Series Volume 12, Coins of Baktria and Ancient India, Lancaster\/London 2013;\u00a0F. Holt, Thundering Zeus, Berkeley 1999; B. Kritt, Dynastic Transition in the Coinage of Bactria, Lancaster 2001;\u00a0C.D. Zeng, Some Notable Die-links among Bactrian Gold Staters, NC173(2013)73-78; R. Curiel\/G. Fussmann, Le tr\u00e9sor mon\u00e9taire de Qunduz, Paris 1985; P. Bernard, Fouilles d`Ai Khanoum IV, Les Monnaies hors tr\u00e9sors, Paris 1985;\u00a0P.F. Mittag, Methodologische \u00dcberlegungen zur Geschichte Baktriens, SNR 85(2006)27; P.F. Mittag, Geschichte\u00a0und\u00a0M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung Baktriens von den Seleukiden bis zum Ende der graeco-baktrischen Herrschaft, in G. v. Lindstr\u00f6m (Hrg.), Zwischen Ost und West:\u00a0neue Forschungen zum antiken Zentralasien, Darmstadt 2013, 115-124;\u00a0D. Bellinger, Das griechische Erbe am Hindukush - Geld erz\u00e4hlt Geschichte, Die Bank Heft 5\/2009 S. 24-27;W. Posch, Baktrien zwischen Griechen und Kuschan, Wiesbaden 1995;O. Bopearachchi, L`apport des surfrappes \u00e0 la r\u00e9construction de l`histoire des Indo-Grecs, RN 164(2008)245; O.Bopearachchi\/Ph. Flandrin, Le portrait d`Alexandre\u00a0 le Grand, Ed.de Rocher, Paris 2005 ( Rezension\u00a0S. Hurter SNR 85(2006)\u00a0185-193; R.C. Senior\/D.M.Donald, The Decline of the Indo-Greeks, Sommerset 1998; J. Cribb, The end of Greek coinage in Bactria and India and its evidence\u00a0for the\u00a0Kushan coinage systems, in Studies Price, London 1998, S.83-98; J. Cribb, Die Chronologie Gandharas anhand der M\u00fcnzen, Katalog der Gandhara-Ausstellung der Bundeskunsthalle Bonn 2009, S. 64-69; Olivier Bordeaux, Les Grecs en Inde. Politiques et pratiques mon\u00e9taires, Bordeaux 2018; S. Glenn, Money and  Power in Hellenistic Bactria, Numismatic Studies 43, The American Numismatic Society, New York 2020 .","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}