{"ikmk_id":"3966","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Seleukiden: Kleopatra Thea \/ Antiochos VIII.","inventory_number":"G.58.74","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID3966","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":56,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett des Akademischen Kunstmuseums der Universit\u00e4t Bonn","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8","publisher_isil_short":"DE-5-8","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8\/ID3966","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.iak.uni-bonn.de\/de\/museen\/akademisches-kunstmuseum","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"56","owner_name":"Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-024115","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-024115","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.antikensammlung.uni-bonn.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1166","nominal_de":"Tetradrachme","nominal_en":"Tetradrachm","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tetradrachm","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4210424-5","info_de":"Eine antike M\u00fcnze, zumeist aus Silber, im Werte von vier Drachmen.","info_en":"An ancient coin, mostly struck in silver, valued four drachms.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1166"},"date_last":"2024-05-06 23:47:04","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"39","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/39","country_name_de":"Israel","country_name_en":"Israel","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/state_of_israel","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/294640","ikmk_region_id":"257","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/257","region_name":"Phoenicia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/phoenicia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"1077","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1077","mint_name":"Ake-Akkon","mint_name_de":"Ake-Akkon","mint_name_en":"Ace-Acre","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ace_ptolemais","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/295721"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"29 mm","die_axis":"11 h","weight":"16.74 g","accession":"","access_year":"2015","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"Spende D. Bellinger; ex CNG 294 (2013) 387.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Gestaffelte K\u00f6pfe der Kleopatra Thea vorne und des jugendlichen Antiochos VIII. hinten; Kleopatra mit Stephane und Schleier, Antiochos mit Diadem.","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3966\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691353560,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3966.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3966."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"BA\u03a3\u03a3I\u039bI\u03a3H\u03a3 \/ K\u039bEO\u03a0ATPA\u03a3 \/ \u0398EA\u03a3 \/\/ KAI \/ BA\u03a3I\u039bE\u03a9\u03a3 \/ ANTIOXOY","image_description":"Zeus auf einem Hocker ohne Lehne (diphros) n.l. sitzend; auf der ausgestreckten Rechten Nike, in der erhobenen Rechten Zepter; links (au\u00dferhalb des Schr\u00f6tlings) Kontrollzeichen des M\u00fcnzmeisters [aus \u03a3 und v].","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3966\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3966\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691353560,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3966.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3966."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"Seleucid Coins II, 2271.1; O.D. Hoover, Handbook Greek Coinage Series, Volume 9, Handbook of Syrian Coins, 1182 g.","comment":"Die M\u00fcnze tr\u00e4gt keine Jahresangabe. Sie wird unter Hinweis auf den Pr\u00e4geort und das Kontrollzeichen in das Jahr 125 v. Chr. datiert. Sie wurde damit au\u00dferhalb des normalen j\u00e4hrlichen Haushaltsvollzugs emittiert und diente als Donativ anl\u00e4\u00dflich des gemeinsamen Regierungsantritts. Bei den M\u00fcnzen handelt es sich um Tetradrachmen attischen Standards; sie waren also f\u00fcr den Umlauf im gesamten seleukidischen Reich, nicht nur in dem anf\u00e4nglich von Kleopatra beherrschten Ptolemais bestimmt. Die Ikonagraphie (weit ge\u00f6ffnete Augen, Schleier) \u00fcbernimmt Elemente der ptolem\u00e4ischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. Kleopatra wird als die dominante Regentin dargestellt, tr\u00e4gt aber nicht den K\u00f6nigstitel, sondern einen kultischen Ehrennamen und wird mit \"Isislocken\" der \u00e4gyptischen Mutterg\u00f6ttin Isis angen\u00e4hert. Der bei Regierungsantritt erst 16-j\u00e4hrige Antiochos, der bereits im Jahr 128 v. Chr. kurzzeitig als Nachfolger seines Vaters Antiochos VII in der M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung erschienen war, tritt demgegen\u00fcber zur\u00fcck, tr\u00e4gt aber den K\u00f6nigstitel und das Diadem (A. Houghton \/ C. Lorber, Seleucid Coins, Part. II, Volume I, Lancaster 2008, 465-470; A. Houghton \/ G. Le Rider, Un premier r\u00e8gne d`Antiochos VIII Epiphane \u00e0 Antioche en 128, in: G. Le Rider, \u00c8tudes d'Histoire Mon\u00e9taire et Finanziere, \u00e9crits 1958-1998, Tome II, Ath\u00e8nes 1999, 615-625); K. Ehling, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der sp\u00e4ten Seleukiden (164-63), Stuttgart 2008, S. 212-216).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-125","year_end":"-121","date_verbal":"125-121 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":205,"souce":"Seleucid Coins","number":"2271,1","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"382":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/sco\/id\/sc.1.2271.1"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5647":{"ikmk_person_id":"5647","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Dieter","last_name_de":"Bellinger","vitalDates":"1939-","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Dieter","last_name_en":"Bellinger","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1032":{"ikmk_person_id":"1032","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Kleopatra Thea","vitalDates":"um 165-121 v. 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Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"26","keyword_de":"Vorderer Orient","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068878-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300019571"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"101","timeline_item":"Seleukiden","description":"Gewichtstandard, Nominalsystem; Chronologie\r\n\r\nSeleukos I. (311-281 v.Chr.) behielt die W\u00e4hrungsordnung, die Alexander der Gro\u00dfe eingef\u00fchrt hatte, bei. Es galten somit  der attische Gewichtstandard und das attische Nominalsystem: 1 Goldstater \u00e0 8,6 g = 5 Tetradrachmen \u00e0 17,2 g = 20 Drachmen \u00e0 4,3 g. Das Wertverh\u00e4ltnis von Gold zu Silber betrug zun\u00e4chst weiterhin 1:10. Gold wurde aber im Verlauf des 3. Jh. v. Chr. kaum mehr ausgepr\u00e4gt. Das Silber blieb rein, allerdings sank das Gewicht der Tetradrachme im 2. Jh. schrittweise bis auf 15,8 g, parallel zu der Entwicklung in anderen hellenistischen Staaten. Silberkleingeld wurde schon im 3. Jh. weniger gepr\u00e4gt. Bronzegeld trat an seine Stelle. Es\u00a0 wurde - von Ausnahmen abgesehen - in drei Gr\u00f6\u00dfen- und Gewichtsstufen ausgegeben. Obwohl einige der unter Antiochos IV. (175-164 v. Chr.) ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen die Wertzeichen AX, BX und \u0394X tragen, k\u00f6nnen die Bezeichungen Chalkous, Dichalchon und Tetrachalkon nur unter Vorbehalt auf alle anderen seleukidischen Bronzem\u00fcnzen \u00fcbertragen werden. \r\n \r\nDer monetarisierten Wirtschaft im Westen standen die noch mit dem Hacksilber arbeitenden Satrapien\u00a0im Osten gegen\u00fcber. Die Wirtschafts- und W\u00e4hrungsordnung\u00a0der Seleukiden war daher - anders als die der Ptolemaier - dezentral, liberal und offen. Die M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten lagen in den einzelnen Satrapien. So waren Hauptm\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten: Sardes in Kleinasien, Tarsos in Kilikien, Antiocheia in Syrien, Seleukeia am Tigris f\u00fcr Babylon, Susa f\u00fcr die Susiana, Ekbatana f\u00fcr Medien und Ai Khainoum f\u00fcr Baktrien. \r\n\r\nAlexander-Typen (sog. Alexandreier) wurden bis in das 2. Jh. v. Chr. weiter gepr\u00e4gt. Daneben setzten die\u00a0Stadtstaaten im Westen\u00a0ihre traditionelle M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung fort. Ausl\u00e4ndische M\u00fcnzen konnten frei umlaufen, sofern sie dem attischen Standard folgten;\u00a0sie wurden auch von staatlichen Stellen, z.B. beim Zoll, akzeptiert. Der Anteil der eigentlichen Pr\u00e4gungen der seleukidischen K\u00f6nige am Geldumlauf war\u00a0bis in das 2.\u00a0Jh. v. Chr. mit nur rund 15% des Geldumlaufs\u00a0\u00fcberraschend gering. Er erh\u00f6hte sich erst nach der Niederlage gegen die R\u00f6mer und dem Friedensvertrag von Apameia (188 v. Chr.), als Kleinasien verloren ging und die Pr\u00e4gung von Alexander-Typen eingestellt wurde.\r\n\r\nF\u00fcr die Abfolge der einzelnen, unter Seleukos I. ausgegebenen Emissionen ist zun\u00e4chst sein Eroberungszug von Osten nach Westen und dann\u00a0vor allem die Schlacht von Ipsos (301 v. Chr.) ma\u00dfgebend. Das Herrscherportr\u00e4t auf der Vs. und die Schutzgottheit Apollon auf der Rs. der M\u00fcnzen wurden erst unter Antiochos I. (281-261 v. Chr.) eingef\u00fchrt. Daraus ergab sich eine in der hellenistischen Welt unvergleichliche Reihe von Herrscherportr\u00e4ts. Insgesamt gibt es M\u00fcnzportr\u00e4ts von 34 Herrschern, denen nur 7 erhaltene rundplatische K\u00f6pfe gegen\u00fcberstehen. Im\u00a0Verlauf des 2. Jh. v. Chr. kamen Herrschaftszeichen, wie die Strahlenkrone, Beinamen und Ehrentitel hinzu. M\u00fcnzbilder von anderen Schutzgottheiten, wie Zeus, Athena, Nike, erg\u00e4nzten den zunehmenden Herrscherkult.\r\n\r\nLiteratur: A. Houghton\/C. Lorber, Seleucid Coins, Part I, 2002, Part II, 2008, New York; G. Le Rider, Antioche de Syrie sous les S\u00e9leucides, Paris 1999; E.T. Newell, The Coinage of the Eastern\/Western Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochos III, New York 1938\/1941; G. Le Rider\/F. de Callatay, Les S\u00e9leucides et les Ptol\u00e9m\u00e9es, Champillon 2006;\u00a0O.D. Hoover, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 9, Syrian Coins, Lancaster\/London 2009; C. Feyel\/L. Graslin-Thom\u00e9; Antiochos III et l'Orient, Paris 2017, P. F. Mittag, Antiochos IV Epiphanes, Berlin 2006; K. Ehling, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der sp\u00e4ten Seleukiden (164-63), Stuttgart, 2008; R. Fleischer, Studien zur seleukidischen Kunst, Bd. I Herrscherbildnisse, Mainz, 1992.","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}