{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"3250","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Seleukiden: Antiochos IV. Epiphanes","inventory_number":"G.58.22.30","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID3250","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":56,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett des Akademischen Kunstmuseums der Universit\u00e4t Bonn","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8","publisher_isil_short":"DE-5-8","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8\/ID3250","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.iak.uni-bonn.de\/de\/museen\/akademisches-kunstmuseum","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"56","owner_name":"Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-024115","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-024115","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.antikensammlung.uni-bonn.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"date_last":"2025-04-02 17:17:17","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"408","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/408","region_name":"Syria","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/syria","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"886","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/886","mint_name":"Antiocheia (Antakya)?","mint_name_de":"Antiocheia (Antakya)?","mint_name_en":"Antiochia (Antakya)?","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antiocheia_syria","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/323779"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"33 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"34.98 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"Spende D. Bellinger; ex CNG e Auction 223 (2009) Nr. 227.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Kopf des Serapis mit Lorbeerkranz n.r.","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3250\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691353399,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3250.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3250."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"\u0392\u0391\u03a3\u0399\u039b\u0395[\u03a9\u03a3 \/ \u0391\u039d\u03a4\u0399\u039f\u03a7\u039f\u03a5 \/\/ \u0398\u0395\u039f\u03a5 \/ \u0395\u03a0\u0399\u03a6\u0391\u039d\u039f\u03a5\u03a3","image_description":"Adler auf Blitzb\u00fcndel mit geschlossenen Fl\u00fcgeln n.r. stehend","foto_date":null,"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3250\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID3250\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691353400,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3250.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID3250."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"Seleucid Coins II, 1413; O.D. Hoover, Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 9, Syrian Coins, Lancaster\/London 642.","comment":"Die M\u00fcnze geh\u00f6rt zu der sog. \u00e4gyptisierenden Serie. Es handelt sich um eine Bronze der Denomination AA. Als M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte wird zum Teil Antiochia am Orontes, zum Teil eine unbestimmte M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte in \u00c4gypten angenommen. Dementsprechend wird die M\u00fcnze in die Jahre vor, w\u00e4hrend, zwischen und nach den Feldz\u00fcgen des Antiochos IV. datiert. Ebenso strittig ist die geldpolitische Funktion der M\u00fcnzen: Ersatz des Silbergeldes nach ptolem\u00e4ischen Vorbild im seleukidischen Binnenmarkt, Ersatz nur f\u00fcr das seleukidische Silberkleingeld oder Pr\u00e4gung f\u00fcr den Umlauf in Coile Syrien. Die Serie k\u00f6nnte auch als Sold f\u00fcr das in \u00c4gypten stehende seleukidische Heer gedient haben. Gewichte, Zentrall\u00f6cher und Motive sind jedenfalls kennzeichnend f\u00fcr die ptolem\u00e4ische M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. (A. Houghton \/ C.Lorber, Seleucid Coins, Part II, Volume I, London\/Lancaster 2008, S. 68-69; O. Morkholm, Historia 31 (1982) 303-305; G. Le Rider, Antiochos IV (175-164) et le monnayage de bronze s\u00e9leucide, Bulletin de Correspondance Hell\u00e9nique 110-1 (1986) 17-34; G. Le Rider \/ F.de Callatay, Les S\u00e9leucides et les Ptol\u00e9m\u00e9es, Paris 2006, S. 35; P.F. Mittag, Antiochos IV Epiphanes, Berlin 2006, S.182-198; W. Weiser, Katalog ptolem\u00e4ischer Bronzem\u00fcnzen, Opladen 1995,S. 94-97; A. Blasius, Die \u00e4gyptisierende M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung Antiochos' Epiphanes im Kontext des Syrischen Krieges, 2008).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-168","year_end":"-168","date_verbal":"168 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":205,"souce":"Seleucid Coins","number":"1413","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"136":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/sco\/id\/sc.1.1413"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5647":{"ikmk_person_id":"5647","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Dieter","last_name_de":"Bellinger","vitalDates":"1939-","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Dieter","last_name_en":"Bellinger","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/171366077","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/205093273","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5647"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"327":{"ikmk_person_id":"327","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Antiochos IV.","vitalDates":"-164 v. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Antiochos IV","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118503413":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118503413","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiochos_IV.":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiochos_IV.","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antiochus_iv":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antiochus_iv","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/146076137":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/146076137","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140762":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140762","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q3356":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q3356","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/327":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/327"}}}},"138":{"ikmk_type_id":"138","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Vorbesitzer)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to prev. Owner)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/138","items":{"8283":{"ikmk_person_id":"8283","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Classical Numismatic Group","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Classical Numismatic Group","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/5189711-8":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/5189711-8","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/158297166":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/158297166","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG131706":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG131706","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8283":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8283"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"71","keyword_de":"Bronze \/ Kupfer","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4146667-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ae"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword_de":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"26","keyword_de":"Vorderer Orient","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068878-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300019571"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"101","timeline_item":"Seleukiden","description":"Gewichtstandard, Nominalsystem; Chronologie\r\n\r\nSeleukos I. (311-281 v.Chr.) behielt die W\u00e4hrungsordnung, die Alexander der Gro\u00dfe eingef\u00fchrt hatte, bei. Es galten somit  der attische Gewichtstandard und das attische Nominalsystem: 1 Goldstater \u00e0 8,6 g = 5 Tetradrachmen \u00e0 17,2 g = 20 Drachmen \u00e0 4,3 g. Das Wertverh\u00e4ltnis von Gold zu Silber betrug zun\u00e4chst weiterhin 1:10. Gold wurde aber im Verlauf des 3. Jh. v. Chr. kaum mehr ausgepr\u00e4gt. Das Silber blieb rein, allerdings sank das Gewicht der Tetradrachme im 2. Jh. schrittweise bis auf 15,8 g, parallel zu der Entwicklung in anderen hellenistischen Staaten. Silberkleingeld wurde schon im 3. Jh. weniger gepr\u00e4gt. Bronzegeld trat an seine Stelle. Es\u00a0 wurde - von Ausnahmen abgesehen - in drei Gr\u00f6\u00dfen- und Gewichtsstufen ausgegeben. Obwohl einige der unter Antiochos IV. (175-164 v. Chr.) ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen die Wertzeichen AX, BX und \u0394X tragen, k\u00f6nnen die Bezeichungen Chalkous, Dichalchon und Tetrachalkon nur unter Vorbehalt auf alle anderen seleukidischen Bronzem\u00fcnzen \u00fcbertragen werden. \r\n \r\nDer monetarisierten Wirtschaft im Westen standen die noch mit dem Hacksilber arbeitenden Satrapien\u00a0im Osten gegen\u00fcber. Die Wirtschafts- und W\u00e4hrungsordnung\u00a0der Seleukiden war daher - anders als die der Ptolemaier - dezentral, liberal und offen. Die M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten lagen in den einzelnen Satrapien. So waren Hauptm\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten: Sardes in Kleinasien, Tarsos in Kilikien, Antiocheia in Syrien, Seleukeia am Tigris f\u00fcr Babylon, Susa f\u00fcr die Susiana, Ekbatana f\u00fcr Medien und Ai Khainoum f\u00fcr Baktrien. \r\n\r\nAlexander-Typen (sog. Alexandreier) wurden bis in das 2. Jh. v. Chr. weiter gepr\u00e4gt. Daneben setzten die\u00a0Stadtstaaten im Westen\u00a0ihre traditionelle M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung fort. Ausl\u00e4ndische M\u00fcnzen konnten frei umlaufen, sofern sie dem attischen Standard folgten;\u00a0sie wurden auch von staatlichen Stellen, z.B. beim Zoll, akzeptiert. Der Anteil der eigentlichen Pr\u00e4gungen der seleukidischen K\u00f6nige am Geldumlauf war\u00a0bis in das 2.\u00a0Jh. v. Chr. mit nur rund 15% des Geldumlaufs\u00a0\u00fcberraschend gering. Er erh\u00f6hte sich erst nach der Niederlage gegen die R\u00f6mer und dem Friedensvertrag von Apameia (188 v. Chr.), als Kleinasien verloren ging und die Pr\u00e4gung von Alexander-Typen eingestellt wurde.\r\n\r\nF\u00fcr die Abfolge der einzelnen, unter Seleukos I. ausgegebenen Emissionen ist zun\u00e4chst sein Eroberungszug von Osten nach Westen und dann\u00a0vor allem die Schlacht von Ipsos (301 v. Chr.) ma\u00dfgebend. Das Herrscherportr\u00e4t auf der Vs. und die Schutzgottheit Apollon auf der Rs. der M\u00fcnzen wurden erst unter Antiochos I. (281-261 v. Chr.) eingef\u00fchrt. Daraus ergab sich eine in der hellenistischen Welt unvergleichliche Reihe von Herrscherportr\u00e4ts. Insgesamt gibt es M\u00fcnzportr\u00e4ts von 34 Herrschern, denen nur 7 erhaltene rundplatische K\u00f6pfe gegen\u00fcberstehen. Im\u00a0Verlauf des 2. Jh. v. Chr. kamen Herrschaftszeichen, wie die Strahlenkrone, Beinamen und Ehrentitel hinzu. M\u00fcnzbilder von anderen Schutzgottheiten, wie Zeus, Athena, Nike, erg\u00e4nzten den zunehmenden Herrscherkult.\r\n\r\nLiteratur: A. Houghton\/C. Lorber, Seleucid Coins, Part I, 2002, Part II, 2008, New York; G. Le Rider, Antioche de Syrie sous les S\u00e9leucides, Paris 1999; E.T. Newell, The Coinage of the Eastern\/Western Seleucid Mints from Seleucus I to Antiochos III, New York 1938\/1941; G. Le Rider\/F. de Callatay, Les S\u00e9leucides et les Ptol\u00e9m\u00e9es, Champillon 2006;\u00a0O.D. Hoover, The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Vol. 9, Syrian Coins, Lancaster\/London 2009; C. Feyel\/L. Graslin-Thom\u00e9; Antiochos III et l'Orient, Paris 2017, P. F. Mittag, Antiochos IV Epiphanes, Berlin 2006; K. Ehling, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der sp\u00e4ten Seleukiden (164-63), Stuttgart, 2008; R. Fleischer, Studien zur seleukidischen Kunst, Bd. I Herrscherbildnisse, Mainz, 1992.","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}