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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"10","timeline_item":"Claudius","description":"Die august\u00e4ische W\u00e4hrungsordnung unter Claudius (41-54 n. Chr.)\r\n\r\nAuch unter\u00a0Claudius orientierte sich das M\u00fcnzwesen\u00a0noch an den unter Augustus festgelegten Grunds\u00e4tzen. Obwohl sich die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung - ingesamt gesehen - intensivierte, war deren Abfolge aber unregelm\u00e4\u00dfig. Hinweise zur Datierung der M\u00fcnzen des Claudius liefert vor allem  die Kaisertitulatur. Claudius lie\u00df sich jedes Jahre seine \"tribunicia potestate\" erneuern. In seiner 14-j\u00e4hrigen Regierungszeit wurde er 27-mal zum \"Imperator\" ausgerufen. Er amtierte f\u00fcnfmal als Consul. Die sp\u00e4tclaudischen Edelmetall-Emissionen (51\/52-54 n. Chr.) kann man allerdings nur indirekt, \u00fcber die zeitliche Einordnung der familienpolitischen Ereignisse (Heirat mit Agrippina, Adoption des Nero, sukzessive Zur\u00fccksetzung des Britannicus), datieren, da die Angaben \u00fcber die Kaisertitulatur fehlen oder nur allgemein gehalten sind. Noch schwieriger ist die Datierung der Bronzepr\u00e4gung, da bei der Kaisertitulatur Iterationsangaben fehlen. Lediglich die Nennung \"Pater Patriae\" gibt einen vagen Hinweis auf einen Zeitraum, in dem die jeweilige Bronzem\u00fcnze gepr\u00e4gt wurde, da Claudius diesen Ehrentitel nicht sofort nach seinem Regierungsantritt annahm. Das Ergebnis ist,\u00a0 da\u00df das\u00a0Pr\u00e4gung von Gold- und Silberm\u00fcnzen nur in den Jahren nach\u00a0seinem Regierungsantritt und am Ende seiner Regentschaft intensiv war, da\u00df aber die Pr\u00e4gung von Bronzem\u00fcnzen in Rom um 43 n. Chr. eingestelt und erst unter Nero wieder aufgenommen wurde.\r\n\r\nDas Spektrum der M\u00fcnzbilder erweiterte sich unter Claudius. Die\u00a0nach Regierungsantritt in Rom ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen stellten die N\u00e4he des Kaisers zu den Pr\u00e4torianern, die ihm zur Macht\u00fcbernahme verhalfen, heraus. Aktuelle Ereignisse, wie die Kriege in Germanien und die Eroberung Britanniens, wurden thematisiert. Das Portr\u00e4t des Kaisers findet sich von nun an konsequent auf der Vorderseite, die sonstigen M\u00fcnzbilder auf\u00a0der R\u00fcckseite der M\u00fcnzen. Mit den Bildern von Drusus Maior und Antonia Minor, vor allem mit dem seines Sohnes Britannicus wird\u00a0zwar an fr\u00fchere Dynastiepr\u00e4gungen angekn\u00fcpft, aber dann am Ende seiner Herrschaft massiv M\u00fcnzpropaganda f\u00fcr die neue Gattin, Agrippina, sowie f\u00fcr deren Sohn Nero betrieben. Dies l\u00e4\u00dft ein direktes Eingreifen des Clausius in die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung vermuten. \r\n\r\nDie abrupte Einstellung der Bronzepr\u00e4gung wird ebenfalls als eine direkte Intervention\u00a0des Kaisers erkl\u00e4rt und zwar als eine Reaktion auf den mit ihm nicht abgestimmten Beschlu\u00df des Senats, die von Gaius Caligula in Rom ausgegebenen Bronzem\u00fcnzen einzuziehen und einzuschmelzen. Auch wenn der Geldumlauf noch immer von den in den B\u00fcrgerkriegen in Verkehr gsbrachten M\u00fcnzen dominiert wurde, verst\u00e4rkte diese etwa 20 Jahre w\u00e4hrende Emissionspause\u00a0die Geldknappheit , so da\u00df zun\u00e4chst inoffizielle M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gungen, schlie\u00dflich die M\u00fcnzreform unter Nero die Folge waren.\r\n\r\nLiteratur: H. Mattingly\/E.A. Sydenham u.a., The Roman Imperial Coinage, London 1923 ff;\u00a0C.H.V. Sutherland, The Roman Imperial Coinage I:From 31 B.C. to A.D.69.2.ed. London 1984;\u00a0R. Wolters, Nummi Signati - Untersuchungen zur r\u00f6mischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung und Geldwirtschaft, M\u00fcnchen 1999; C.H.V. Sutherland, Roman History and Coinage 44 B.C. - A.D.69, Oxford 1987; H.-M. v. Kaenel, M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung und M\u00fcnzbildnis des Claudius, Berlin 1986; H.-M. v. Kaenel, Zur \"Pr\u00e4gepolitik\" des Kaisers Claudius, in V.M. Strocka, Die Regierungszeit des Kaisers Claudius, Mainz 1994,45-64;W. Trillmich, Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius, Berlin 1978; R. Wolters, The Julio-Claudians, in W.E. Metcalf (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage, 2012, 335-355\u00a0","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}