{"ikmk_id":"221","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Divus Augustus","inventory_number":"R.11.019","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID221","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":56,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett des Akademischen Kunstmuseums der Universit\u00e4t Bonn","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8","publisher_isil_short":"DE-5-8","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-5-8\/ID221","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.iak.uni-bonn.de\/de\/museen\/akademisches-kunstmuseum","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn","author":"Komajda, Lukas"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"56","owner_name":"Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-024115","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-024115","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.antikensammlung.uni-bonn.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-bonn","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/56","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"666","nominal_de":"As","nominal_en":"As","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/as","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Der As; Asses (Mehrzahl). Eigentlich \u201eEiner\u201c bzw. \u201eEinheit\u201c. Bezeichnet im Gewichtssystem des Geldes der r\u00f6mischen Republik das in zw\u00f6lf Unzen (unciae) unterteilte Pfund (libra), mit wechselnden sinkenden Standards (vom obengenannten libralen zum semilibralen, sextanalen und schlie\u00dflich unzialen). Zun\u00e4chst gegossen als Teil des Aes grave, seit dem Ende des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Auch die entsprechende Einheit unteritalischen Schwergeldes wurde als As bezeichnet. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des Denares (s. dort) kamen erst zehn, dann 16 Asses auf einen solchen. Augustus lie\u00df den As ebenfalls als Kupferm\u00fcnze weiterpr\u00e4gen, lediglich Nero gab ihn kurzfristig in Messing aus. Im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. werden Asses immer seltener gepr\u00e4gt und erscheinen zuletzt unter Aurelianus (reg. 270-275 n. Chr.).","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/666"},"date_last":"2024-08-22 13:23:32","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"27 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"10.26 g","accession":"","access_year":"","provenienz_extern":"Altbestand","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"DIVUS AVGVSTVS PATER","image_description":"Augustus mit Strahlenkrone n. l.","foto_date":null,"photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/221\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691352882,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID221. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID221. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"S - C","image_description":"Adler, der auf einem Globus steht, Kopf n. r., Fl\u00fcgel halb ausgebreitet.","foto_date":null,"photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/mkbonn\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/221\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/mk-bonn.ikmk.net\/image\/ID221\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1691352882,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID221. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Bonn, Akademisches Kunstmuseum, ID221. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC I\u00b2 (Tiberius) Nr. 82; BMCRE 155; Cohen I 97, 247; zu der M\u00fcnzserie vgl. J.N. Barradon \/ A.Susp\u00e8ne, A. Gaffiero, Les \u00e9missions d'as au type DIVVS AUGVSTVS PATER frapp\u00e9es sous Tib\u00e8re, Revue Numismatique 166 (2010) 149-173","comment":"alt: R.11.082","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":null,"description_de":"30 v. - 283 n. 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Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":5,"souce":"RIC I\u00b2 Tiberius","number":"082","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"3904":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.1(2).tib.82"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"413":{"ikmk_person_id":"413","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Gaius Iulius Caesar (Octavianus), seit 27 v. Chr. Augustus","vitalDates":"23.09.63 v. - 19.08.14 n. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"2","timeline_item":"Tiberius","description":"Die august\u00e4ische W\u00e4hrungsordnung unter Tiberius (14-37 n. Chr.)\r\n\r\nUnter Tiberius folgte das M\u00fcnzwesen den unter Augustus festgelegten Grunds\u00e4tzen. Es wurden M\u00fcnzen in allen 3 W\u00e4hrungsmetallen - Gold, Silber, Messing\/ Kupfer - ausgegeben. Zwischen den Metallen bestanden feste Wertverh\u00e4ltnisse. Die Goldm\u00fcnzen\u00a0hatten das Gewicht von\u00a0 1\/40 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes = 8,2 g.\u00a0Das Gewicht des Denars blieb\u00a0weiterhin bei 1\/82 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes oder 3,9 g. Der Aureus\u00a0hatte\u00a0den Wert von 25 Denaren. Das Wertverh\u00e4ltnis von Gold und Silber betrug 1\u00a0: 12.\u00a0Unterhalb des Denars wurden der Sesterz, der Dupondius und das As, gelegentlich auch Semis und\u00a0Quadrans ausgegeben. Das Gewicht des Sesterz betrug rd. 25 g, das des Dupondius rd. 12,5 g. und das des As rd. 11 g. Das Nominalsystem lautete: 1 Denar = 4 Sesterzen = 8 Dupondien =\u00a0 16 Asse.\r\n\r\nInsoweit herrschte Kontinuit\u00e4t in\u00a0dem fr\u00fchkaiserzeitlichen M\u00fcnzwesen. Weiterhin wurden Gold- und Silberm\u00fcnzen im wesentlichen in Lugdunum gepr\u00e4gt. Allerdings erh\u00f6hte sich die Bedeutung von Rom in der Auspr\u00e4gung des Bronze- und Kupfergeldes. Auf ihnen wird der Kaiser herausgetellt, aber niciht mehr die Magistratsbeamten. Der Rhythmus der Auspr\u00e4gung war zwar irregul\u00e4r: sie konzentrierte sich mit Emissionspausen auf die Jahre um 15, um 22\/23 und 34-37 n.Chr.. Auf den in Rom gepr\u00e4gten M\u00fcnzen wurde die kaiserliche Familie - Augustus, Livia, Drusus und Germanicus - in stilistisch qualit\u00e4tvollen Portr\u00e4ts st\u00e4rker als fr\u00fcher herausgestellt. \r\n\r\nAllerdings reichte das oft nur regional umlaufende Bronzegeld nicht aus, zumal iin dieser Zeit die staatlichen Ausgaben stiegen und - nach Sch\u00e4tzungen\u00a0- die\u00a0M\u00fcnzemissionen zu zwei Drittel zur Finanzierung der an den Grenzen stehenden Heere dienten. Obwohl in Nemausus und Lugdunum\u00a0Bronzegeld in gro\u00dfer St\u00fcckzahl in Verkehr gebracht wurde, kam es zu der Gegenstempelung alter umlaufendern St\u00fccke, zu der Halbierung von M\u00fcnzen und zu irregul\u00e4ren Pr\u00e4gungen.\r\n\r\nLiteratur: H. Mattingly-E.A. Sydenham u.a., The Roman Imperial Coinage, London 1923 ff; C.H.V. Sutherland, The Roman Imperial Coinage I:From 31 B.C. to A.D.69.2.ed. London 1984; R. Wolters, Nummi Signati - Untersuchungen zur r\u00f6mischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung und Geldwirtschaft, M\u00fcnchen 1999; C.H.V. Sutherland, Roman History and Coinage 44 B.C. - A.D.69, Oxford 1987; R. Wolters, The Julio-Claudians, in W.E. Metcalf (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage,2012, 335-355;\u00a0W. Szaivert, Die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung der Kaiser Tiberius und\u00a0Caius, Wien 1984.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"25","item_de":"beschriftet (per Hand)","item_en":"inscribed upon (by hand)","description_de":"Ein Objekt ist von Hand mit Tinte, Tusche etc. beschriftet worden.","description_en":"An object has been inscribed by hand with ink etc.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/25"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}