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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"9","timeline_item":"Gaius Caligula","description":"Die august\u00e4ische W\u00e4hrungsordnung unter Gaius Caligula\u00a0 (37-41 n. Chr.)\r\n\r\nUnter\u00a0Gaius orientierte sich das M\u00fcnzwesen weiterhin an den unter Augustus festgelegten Grunds\u00e4tzen. Es wurden M\u00fcnzen in allen 3 W\u00e4hrungsmetallen - Gold, Silber, Messing\/ Kupfer - ausgegeben. Zwischen den Metallen bestanden feste Wertverh\u00e4ltnisse. Die Goldm\u00fcnzen\u00a0hatten das Gewicht von\u00a0 1\/40 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes = 8,2 g.\u00a0Das Gewicht des Denars blieb\u00a0weiterhin bei 1\/82 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes oder 3,9 g. Der Aureus\u00a0hatte\u00a0den Wert von 25 Denaren. Das Wertverh\u00e4ltnis von Gold und Silber betrug 1\u00a0: 12.\u00a0Unterhalb des Denars wurden der Sesterz, der Dupondius und das As, gelegentlich auch Semis und\u00a0Quadrans ausgegeben. Das Gewicht des Sesterz betrug rd. 25 g, das des Dupondius rd. 12,5 g. und das des As rd. 11 g. Das Nominalsystem lautete: 1 Denar = 4 Sesterzen = 8 Dupondien =\u00a0 16 Asse.\r\n\r\nSeit Augustus befand sich die M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte f\u00fcr\u00a0Gold- und Silberm\u00fcnzen nicht mehr in Rom, sondern in Lugdunum.\u00a0Als Gr\u00fcnde daf\u00fcr werden die Gewinnung der\u00a0Edelmetalle in Spanien, die Geldversorgung der am Rhein stationierten Truppen\u00a0und die Auspr\u00e4gung in der dem Kaiser zugeordneten Provinz Gallien genannt. Die Aufteilung der M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung - Rom f\u00fcr Bronze, Lugdunum f\u00fcr Edelmetall - wird als konstitutives Merkmal der\u00a0iulisch-claudischen M\u00fcnzorganisation angesehen.\r\n\r\n Dabei ist allerdings die Frage, wann die Edelmetallpr\u00e4gung wieder nach Rom verlegt wurde, bis heute umstritten. Organisatorische, stilistische und technische Aspekte der M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung werden f\u00fcr die eine oder die andere Auffassung ins Feld gef\u00fchrt und auch in Betracht gezogen, da\u00df in den ersten Regierungsjahren des Claudius Edelmetallm\u00fcnzen vor\u00fcbergehend in Rom gepr\u00e4gt wurden. \u00dcbereinstimmung besteht aber darin, da\u00df die Arbeitsteilung sp\u00e4testens mit der M\u00fcnzreform unter Nero aufgehoben und die Produktion von Gold- und Silberm\u00fcnzen\u00a0in Rom konzentriert wurde.\r\n\r\nSowohl in den 7 Edelmetallemissionen als auch auf Sesterzen, Dupondienund Assen werden unter Gaius das Portr\u00e4t des Herrschers und -\u00a0mit den Bildern von\u00a0Augustus, Germanicus, Agrippina und Agrippa - seine Dynastie herausgestellt.\r\n\r\n\r\nLiteratur: H. Mattingly\/E.A. Sydenham u.a., The Roman Imperial Coinage, London 1923 ff;\u00a0C.H.V. Sutherland, The Roman Imperial Coinage I:From 31 B.C. to A.D.69.2.ed. London 1984; C.H.V. Sutherland, Roman History and Coinage 44 B.C. - A.D.69, Oxford 1987; C.H.V. Sutherland, M\u00fcnzen der R\u00f6mer, M\u00fcnchen 1974 153-160; R. Wolters, Nummi Signati - Untersuchungen zur r\u00f6mischen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung und Geldwirtschaft, M\u00fcnchen 1999, 45-85; R. Wolters, The Julio-Claudians, in W.E. Metcalf (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Coinage, 2012, 335-355,\u00a0W. Szaivert, Die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung der Kaiser Tiberius und\u00a0Caius, Wien 1984.\u00a0H.-M. v. Kaenel, Die Organisation der M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung Caligulas, SNR 66(1987)135-156;\u00a0W. Trillmich, Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius, Berlin 1978.\u00a0","year_from":"0","year_until":"0","autor":"Bellinger, Dieter"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}